English Spoken – Verbs

Let’s see some sentences:

• Ram is weeping.
• He had a car.
• The boys laugh.
• She has two sons.
• He was beaten
• Mohan is ill.

is weeping, had, laugh, has, was beaten, is ==> Verbs

Def: Verb – A word which denotes a possession, action, relation or a state of being.

• A word used to tell or assert something about a person or thing.

e.g

Action:

• Children play.
• The man was walking.
• I was taught.
• He will come.

Relation/Possession:

• I have a car.
• The cow has two eyes.
• The king had three sons.
• The poor man has no money.

State of being:

• Sita is ill.
• They are happy.
• He was a poor man.

2 Types of Verbs:

1. Lexical Verbs (Main Verbs)

Def: MV – It has independent meaning. e.g go, come, sit, etc.

Forms of MV:

1. Base form (V¹): eat, go, play, etc.
2. Past form (V^2): ate, went, played, etc.
3. Past participle form (V^3): eaten, gone,  played, etc.
4. -ing form (V^4): eating, going, playing, etc.
5. -s/es from (V^5): eats, goes, plays, etc.

The following verbs can be used as MV:

• Am
• Is
• Are
• Was
• Were
• Have
• Has
• had
• do
• does
• did
• need
• dare

e.g

• He is ready.  (is => MV)
• He is going. (is => HV)

Note:

1. If  only one verb is in a sentence => MV    [e.g I am a boy]
2. If a sentence has 2 or more verbs, the last verb => MV, & the Rest of the verbs => HV.   [I have^HV been^HV reading^MV.]
3. Object is used just after a verb => Transitive Verb & VV => Intransitive Verb.
4. Some verbs are always IV, e.g go, come, sit, sleep, die, etc.

2 Parts of MV:

1. Transitive Verb: A Verb is used with an object. (e.g Ram eats rice^Obj.)
2. In-Transitive Verb: The Verb is not used with an object. (e.g. Ram goes to school.)

Find the object by asking a question with

• => What?   Ans => Object
• => Whom? Ans => Object.

e.g:

• Ram eats rice.   [eats What?  Ans. rice => Object of eats]
• I gave him money. [ gave whom? Ans. him => Object of gave]

   2. Auxiliary Verbs (Helping Verbs)

Def: AV – It has dependent meaning.

AV:

1. Am
2. Is
3. Are
4. Was
5. Were
6. Shall
7. Should
8. Will
9. Would
10. Can
11. Could
12. May
13. Might
14. Must
15. Ought to
16. Used to
17. Have
18. Has
19. Had
20. Do
21. Does
22. Did
23. Need
24. Dare

e.g

• I do my duty.         (do => MV)  [Note: do has meaning ‘करना‘]
• Do you know me?  (do => HV)  [Note: do has no meaning]

2 Parts of AV:

1. Modal Verb (13): Can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, need, dare, used to, ought to, must.
2. Non – Modal Verb (11): is/are/am/has/have/had/was/were/do/did/does.

To be continued…..