What is type2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), progressive metabolic disorder where the body struggles to regulate blood glucose levels. It happens when the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, the hormone responsible for converting glucose from the bloodstream into energy. Insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells. In the case of T2DM, these beta cells produce less insulin, which compromises the body’s ability to regulate insulin. 

T2DM develops gradually and is associated with risk factors including heredity, obesity, prolonged physical inactivity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or unhealthy eating habits. However, it can also affect non-obese individuals.

At the early disease stage, the symptoms might go unnoticed. With increased alteration, the signs appear as increased thirst, frequent urination, constant fatigue, blurred vision, slower wound healing, or frequent infections. If left unmanaged, type 2 diabetes can increase the risk of serious complications affecting the heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels.

Healthy lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity, obesity management, adequate sleep, and management of other co-morbid factors, help in disease management. Some people may also need oral medications or insulin to achieve better glucose control. Currently, regenerative medicine in the form of stem cell therapy has emerged as an advanced strategy in diabetes management. The cells enable regeneration of the beta pancreatic cells and boost repair mechanisms in the body. They significantly reduce inflammation and modulate immune response. Early diagnosis and developing personalised strategies for T2DM management play a crucial role in improving patient’s quality of life.